历史分期
日本历史分期
Jomon Period (- 300 BC) 縄文 [じょうもん] [joumonn]
Yayoi Period (300 BC - 250 AD) 弥生 [やよい] [yayoi]
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The introduction of rice agriculture begins the development of a social hierarchy and hundreds of small countries that started to unify into larger countries.
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Kofun Period (250 - 538) 古墳 [こふん] [kofunn]
Asuka Period (538 - 710) 飛鳥 [あすか] [asuka]
Nara Period (710 - 784) 奈良 [なら] [nara]
Heian Period (794 - 1185) 平安 [へいあん] [heiann]
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794 The capital moves to Heian (Kyoto).
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1016 Fujiwara Michinaga becomes regent, marking the peak of Fujiwara power.
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1159 The Taira clan under Taira Kiyomori takes over the power after the Heiji war.
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1175 The Buddhist Jodo sect (Pure land sect) is introduced.
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1180-85 In the Gempei War, the Minamoto clan puts an end to Taira supremacy.
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Kamakura Period (1192 - 1333) 鎌倉 [かまくら] [kamakura]
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1191 The Zen sect is introduced.
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1192 Minamoto Yoritomo is appointed shogun and establishes the Kamakura government in Kamakura.
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1221 The Jokyu Disturbance ends a struggle between Kamakura and Kyoto, resulting in the supremacy of the Hojo regents in Kamakura.
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1232 A legal code, the Joei Shikimoku, is promulgated.
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1274 and 1281 The Mongols try to invade Japan twice, but fail mainly because of bad weather conditions.
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1333 The Kamakura government falls.
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Read more about the Kamakura Period
Muromachi Period (1338 - 1573) 室町 [むろまち] [muromachi]
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1334 Kemmu Restoration: the emperor restores power over Japan.
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1336 Ashikaga Takauji captures Kyoto.
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1337 The emperor flees and establishes the Southern court in Yoshino.
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1338 Takauji establishes the Muromachi government and a second emperor in Kyoto (Northern court).
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1392 Unification of the Southern and Northern courts.
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1467-1477 Onin war.
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1542 Portuguese introduce firearms and Christianity to Japan.
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1568 Nobunaga enters Kyoto.
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1573 The Muromachi government falls.
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Read more about the Muromachi Period
Azuchi-Momoyama Period (1573 - 1603) 安土 [あづち] [adzuchi]-桃山 [ももやま] [momoyama]
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1575 The Takeda clan is defeated in the battle of Nagashino.
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1582 Nobunaga is murdered and succeeded by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
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1588 Hideyoshi confiscates the weapons of farmers and religious institutions in the "Sword Hunt".
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1590 Japan is reunited after the fall of Odawara (Hojo).
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1592-98 Unsuccessful invasion of Korea.
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1598 Death of Hideyoshi.
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1600 Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats his rivals in the battle of Sekigahara.
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Read more about the Azuchi-Momoyama Period
Edo Period (1603 - 1868) 江戸 [えど] [edo]
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1603 Ieyasu is appointed shogun and establishes the Tokugawa government in Edo (Tokyo).
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1615 The Toyotomi clan is destroyed after Ieyasu captures Osaka Castle.
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1639 Isolation of Japan from the rest of the world except for strictly regulated trade with China, Korea, the Netherlands, the Ryukyu Kingdom and the Ainu.
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1688-1703 Genroku era: popular culture flourishes.
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1792 The Russians unsuccessfully try to establish trade relations with Japan.
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1854 Commodore Matthew Perry forces the Japanese government to open a limited number of ports for trade.
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Read more about the Edo Period
Meiji Period (1868 - 1912) 明治 [めいじ] [meiji]
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1868 Meiji Restoration.
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1868 The capital moves to Tokyo.
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1872 First railway line between Tokyo and Yokohama.
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1889 The Meiji Constitution is promulgated.
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1894-95 Sino-Japanese War.
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1904-05 Russo-Japanese War.
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1910 Annexation of Korea.
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1912 Death of Emperor Meiji.
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Read more about the Meiji Period
Taisho Period (1912 - 1926) 大正 [たいしょう] [taishou]
Showa Period (1926 - 1989) 昭和 [しょうわ] [shouwa]
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1931 Manchurian Incident.
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1937 Second Sino-Japanese War starts.
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1941 Pacific War starts.
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1945 Japan surrenders after atomic bombs are dropped over Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
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1946 The new constitution is promulgated.
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1952 The Allied Occupation of Japan ends.
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1956 Japan becomes member of the UN.
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1972 Normalization of relations with China.
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1973 Oil crisis.
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Read more about the Showa Period
Heisei Period (1989 - 2019) 平成 [へいせい] [heisei]
Reiwa Period (2019 - ) 令和 [れいわ] [reiwa]