GFS

GFS

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NOMADS NOAA Operational Model Archive and Distribution System

缩写	中文
ABSV Absolute Vorticity	绝对涡度
APTMP Apparent Temperature	表观温度
CAPE Convective Available Potential Energy	海角对流有效势能
CFRZR Categorical Freezing Rain	分类冻雨
CICEP Categorical Ice Pellets	分类冰粒
CIN Convective Inhibition	对流抑制
CLMR Cloud Mixing Ratio	云混合比
CNWAT Plant Canopy Surface Water	植物冠层地表水
CPOFP Percent frozen precipitation	冻结降水百分比
CRAIN Categorical Rain	克雷恩分类雨
CSNOW Categorical Snow	分类雪
CWAT Cloud Water	云水
DPT Dew Point Temperature	露点温度
DZDT Vertical Velocity (Geometric)	垂直速度（几何）
FLDCP Field Capacity	现场容量
FRICV Frictional Velocity	摩擦速度
GRLE Graupel	格勒·格劳佩尔
GUST Wind Speed (Gust)	阵风风速（阵风）
HCDC High Cloud Cover	高云量
HGT Geopotential Height	位势高度
HINDEX Haines Index	印度海因斯指数
HLCY Storm Relative Helicity	风暴相对螺旋度
HPBL Planetary Boundary Layer Height	行星边界层高度
ICAHT ICAO Standard Atmosphere Reference Height	国际民航组织标准大气参考高度
ICEC Ice Cover	冰盖
ICEG Ice Growth Rate	冰增长率
ICETK Ice Thickness	冰厚
ICETMP Ice Temperature	冰温
ICMR Ice Water Mixing Ratio	冰水混合比
LAND Land Cover (0=sea, 1=land)	陆地覆盖（0=海洋，1=陆地）
LCDC Low Cloud Cover	低云量
LFTX Surface Lifted Index	表面提升指数
MCDC Medium Cloud Cover	中等云量
MSLET MSLP (Eta model reduction)	MSLET MSLP（Eta模型简化）
O3MR Ozone Mixing Ratio	臭氧混合比
PLPL Pressure of level from which parcel was lifted	包裹被提升的标高压力
POT Potential Temperature	锅势温度
PRATE Precipitation Rate	普拉特降水率
PRES Pressure	压力
PRMSL Pressure Reduced to MSL	压力降至MSL
PWAT Precipitable Water	可降水量
REFC Composite reflectivity	复合反射率
REFD Reflectivity	反射系数
RH Relative Humidity	相对湿度
RWMR Rain Mixing Ratio	雨水混合比
SFCR Surface Roughness	表面粗糙度
SNMR Snow Mixing Ratio	雪混合比
SNOD Snow Depth	雪深
SOILL Liquid Volumetric Soil Moisture (non Frozen)	土壤液体体积土壤水分（非冻结）
SOILW Volumetric Soil Moisture Content	土壤体积含水量
SOTYP Soil Type	土壤类型
SPFH Specific Humidity	SPFH比湿度
SUNSD Sunshine Duration	日照时数
TCDC Total Cloud Cover	总云量
TMP Temperature	TMP温度
TOZNE Total Ozone	托兹尼臭氧总量
TSOIL Soil Temperature	土壤温度
UGRD U-Component of Wind	风的U分量
USTM U-Component Storm Motion	U分量风暴运动
VEG Vegetation	植被
VGRD V-Component of Wind	风的V分量
VIS Visibility	可见光能见度
VRATE Ventilation Rate	通风速率
VSTM V-Component Storm Motion	V分量风暴运动
VVEL Vertical Velocity (Pressure)	垂直速度（压力）
VWSH Vertical Speed Shear	垂直速度剪切机
WEASD Water Equivalent of Accumulated Snow Depth	相当于积雪深度的温水
WILT Wilting Point	萎蔫点

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URL=

https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/filter_gfs_0p25.pl?file=gfs.t06z.pgrb2.0p25.anl&lev_10_m_above_ground=on&lev_200_mb=on&lev_2_m_above_ground=on&lev_3000-0_m_above_ground=on&lev_500_mb=on&lev_700_mb=on&lev_850_mb=on&lev_convective_cloud_layer=on&lev_entire_atmosphere_%5C%28considered_as_a_single_layer%5C%29=on&lev_mean_sea_level=on&lev_surface=on&var_4LFTX=on&var_CAPE=on&var_GUST=on&var_HGT=on&var_HLCY=on&var_MSLET=on&var_RH=on&var_TCDC=on&var_TMP=on&var_UGRD=on&var_VGRD=on&leftlon=55&rightlon=175&toplat=65&bottomlat=-10&dir=%2Fgfs.20220821%2F06%2Fatmos

wget： wget -c -b -t 10 --retry-connrefused -nd "https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/filter_gfs_0p25.pl?file=gfs.t06z.pgrb2.0p25.anl&lev_10_m_above_ground=on&lev_200_mb=on&lev_2_m_above_ground=on&lev_3000-0_m_above_ground=on&lev_500_mb=on&lev_700_mb=on&lev_850_mb=on&lev_convective_cloud_layer=on&lev_entire_atmosphere_%5C%28considered_as_a_single_layer%5C%29=on&lev_mean_sea_level=on&lev_surface=on&var_4LFTX=on&var_CAPE=on&var_GUST=on&var_HGT=on&var_HLCY=on&var_MSLET=on&var_RH=on&var_TCDC=on&var_TMP=on&var_UGRD=on&var_VGRD=on&leftlon=55&rightlon=175&toplat=65&bottomlat=-10&dir=%2Fgfs.20220821%2F06%2Fatmos" -O ./data/gfs.2022082106z.pgrb2.0p25.f00

wget -c -b -t 10 --retry-connrefused --no-check-certificate -nd "https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/filter_gfs_0p25.pl?file=gfs.t06z.pgrb2.0p25.anl&lev_10_m_above_ground=on&lev_200_mb=on&lev_2_m_above_ground=on&lev_3000-0_m_above_ground=on&lev_500_mb=on&lev_700_mb=on&lev_850_mb=on&lev_convective_cloud_layer=on&lev_entire_atmosphere_%5C%28considered_as_a_single_layer%5C%29=on&lev_mean_sea_level=on&lev_surface=on&var_4LFTX=on&var_CAPE=on&var_GUST=on&var_HGT=on&var_HLCY=on&var_MSLET=on&var_RH=on&var_TCDC=on&var_TMP=on&var_UGRD=on&var_VGRD=on&leftlon=55&rightlon=175&toplat=65&bottomlat=-10&dir=%2Fgfs.20230101%2F06%2Fatmos" -O ./data/gfs.2023010106z.pgrb2.0p25.f00

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GRIB（GRIdded Binary）和GRIB2（General Regularly-distributed Information in Binary Form）是与计算机无关的压缩的二进制编码，主要用来存放数值天气分析和预报产品资料。处理grib文件的常用工具包pygrib，Grib格式数据处理有详细介绍，gribapi也自带python接口，可以通过ECMWF提供的ecCodes或cgrib安装包进行安装使用。此外利用wgrib以及wgrib2命令行工具也可以高效处理grib文件。（来源）

如果直接读取会出现报错：

unrecognized engine 'cfgrib' must be one of: [

因此需要pip安装cfgrib解决。另外读取的时候还要选择数据的分层：

data = xr.open_dataset(data_file, engine='cfgrib', backend_kwargs={'filter_by_keys': {'typeOfLevel': 'isobaricInhPa'}})

cfgrib.dataset.DatasetBuildError: multiple values for unique key, try re-open the file with one of:
filter_by_keys={'typeOfLevel': 'isobaricInhPa'}
filter_by_keys={'typeOfLevel': 'meanSea'}
filter_by_keys={'typeOfLevel': 'surface'}
filter_by_keys={'typeOfLevel': 'atmosphereSingleLayer'}

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绘制GFS预报降水
使用cfgrib加载GRIB文件
利用xarray读取netCDF文件并画图
使用cfgrib加载GRIB文件

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